Thursday, May 5, 2016

Pictograms and Hazard Codes


PICTOGRAMS AND HAZARD CODES

Description
Pictogram
Hazard class and hazard category:
Exploding Bomb
GHS01
Unstable explosives
Explosives of Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
Self reactive substances and mixtures, Types A,B
Organic peroxides, Types A,B

Flame
GHS02
Flammable gases, category 1
Flammable aerosols, categories 1,2
Flammable liquids, categories 1,2,3
Flammable solids, categories 1,2
Self-reactive substances and mixtures, Types B,C,D,E,F
Pyrophoric liquids, category 1
Pyrophoric solids, category 1
Self-heating substances and mixtures, categories 1,2
Substances and mixtures, which in contact with water,
emit flammable gases, categories 1,2,3
Organic peroxides, Types B,C,D,E,F

Flame Over Circle
GHS03
Oxidizing gases, category 1
Oxidizing liquids, categories 1,2,3

Gas Cylinder
GHS04
Gases under pressure:
- Compressed gases
- Liquefied gases
- Refrigerated liquefied gases
- Dissolved gases

Corrosion
GHS05
Corrosive to metals, category 1
Skin corrosion, categories 1A,1B,1C
Serious eye damage, category 1

Skull and Crossbones
GHS06
Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), categories 1,2,3

Exclamation Mark
GHS07
Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), category 4
Skin irritation, category 2
Eye irritation, category 2
Skin sensitisation, category 1
Specific Target Organ Toxicity – Single exposure, category 3

Health Hazard
GHS08
Respiratory sensitization, category 1
Germ cell mutagenicity, categories 1A,1B,2
Carcinogenicity, categories 1A,1B,2
Reproductive toxicity, categories 1A,1B,2
Specific Target Organ Toxicity – Single exposure, categories 1,2
Specific Target Organ Toxicity – Repeated exposure, categories 1,2
Aspiration Hazard, category 1

Environment
GHS09
Hazardous to the aquatic environment
- Acute hazard, category1
- Chronic hazard, categories 1,2
- Source from sigma aldrich for reference purposes

Wednesday, May 4, 2016

To investigate the Effect of Varying Temperature on the Rate of Respiration of Germinating Seeds


To investigate the Effect of Varying Temperature on the Rate of Respiration of Germinating Seeds

Description
Germinating seeds actively respire to produce energy for growth. The rate of respiration can be obtained by measuring the uptake of oxygen per unit time.

Apparatus & Materials needed :-

beaker 100ml 
beaker 600ml
conical flask 100ml
1 rubber bung fitted with a delivery tube
5g germinating seeds (supplied in petri dish)
1 packet of soda lime wrapped in muslin cloth
coloured water
thermometer
30cm ruler
electronic balance
graph paper
stopwatch           }
test tube holder   }    optional
dropper              }
water bath          }


soda lime


To prepare germinating seeds need 4days in advance before the experiment.


Day 1 : Soak green beans about 250 grams in 1 litre of water


Day 2 : Place cotton wools or towels onto trays. 
Remove green beans from beaker and transfer to trays.
Wet trays just covering the green beans.
Cover the trays with black plastic bags.


Day 3 : Seeds starts to germinate


Day 4 : Germinating seeds for the experiment

Alternatively can buy readily available Alfalfa Sprouts 
from supermarkets costly around $3.30 per 125g



Experimental set up


Procedure


  1. Weigh 5g of germinating seeds and place them in the conical flask.
  2. Tie the string to the packet of soda lime.
  3. Prepare water bath maintained at 30oC.
  4. Set up the apparatus as shown above.